Copyright 2005 Rev. Amy B. Freedman

Torture: A Ticking Time Bomb
Rev. Amy B. Freedman
Channing Memorial Church

May 15, 2005

I came of age during the Cold War.  Images from the television drama “The Day After” depicting the possible horrific aftermath of a nuclear war are still emblazoned in my mind.  I remember as a young teen the sight of an airplane streaking across the sky causing my heart to leap in my throat with the passing thought that perhaps a nuke was on its way.  Since the end of the Cold War, my fears of nuclear warfare have abated.  For a time, our country enjoyed a period of relative peace.

The events of September 11th, 2001 shattered our sense of security.  Never had we imagined that a commercial aircraft could in fact become a powerful weapon causing such destruction and loss of life.  Our nation still grieves for the 3000 men and women who perished on 9/11.  The scale of the violence touched people around the world who felt the shock, pain, and immeasurable despair over the acts of terror unleashed on symbols of American prosperity and strength- the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

 

            Given the tragedy of 9/11 and the ongoing threat of terrorism, the urgency of national security is undeniable.  In the United States, significant measures have been taken.  Many of them were long overdue precautions like screening at airports and increased security at public events.  The threat of terrorism is real.  Two oceans are no longer adequate protection from the sophisticated forces of Al Qaeda and other terrorist networks.

            How do we balance the needs of national security and civil liberties?  This is a question that Americans have been grappling with since 9/11 both in theory and practice.  Some Americans have even claimed that they would be willing to give up some of their rights and liberties in order to secure a safer world. [i]  

In his book “Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age”, Harvard Law Professor and civil libertarian, Alan Dershowitz, makes a case that FBI agents ought to be allowed to use torture to force prisoners to tell what they know about terrorism. [ii]   To support his case, Dershowitz uses a classical argument from philosophy, the ticking time-bomb scenario.  Suppose there were a time-bomb set to explode in a public place where hundreds of innocent people would be killed and officials held an accomplice who would not disclose the location of the bomb.  He argues that the authorities would be justified in the use of force to obtain information that would save lives from the impending explosion.  The argument is based on the premise that protection of the public is of greater importance than the protection of the individual. 

 

This argument sets a dangerous precedent.  As human rights advocate, William Schulz rightly points out, there are no documented cases of such a scenario when authorities actually knew that a bomb was about to explode while holding a known accomplice at the same time.  The reality is that torture does not yield good information.  People subjected to physical punishment tend to say anything in order to make the suffering stop.

 

Cruelty and mistreatment of people also is a sort of ticking time-bomb itself unleashing resentment and outrage.  Unfortunately, the story that I read this morning [iii] about a young Mauritanian man is not an isolated incident.  There have been countless arrests since 9/11 of innocent people.  There have been many Muslims of Middle Eastern decent who have been denied due process in order for authorities to investigate their possible involvement or knowledge of terrorist organizations.  There is mounting evidence of human rights violations by US officials in the treatment of detainees in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Guantanamo Bay.

Why should we care?  Why is treatment of detainees an appropriate subject for a sermon?  As Unitarian Universalists, we covenant to affirm and promote seven principles.  We have a diversity of religious beliefs and political perspectives among us, but we hold certain values in common.  Our first principle is that we covenant “to affirm and promote the inherent worth and dignity of every person”.  Our sixth principle speaks to “the goal of world community with peace, liberty, and justice for all”.  Our seventh principle reminds us that we are all connected “through the interdependent web of life of which we are a part”.

            The idea that all people have inherent dignity and worth is a central tenet of our faith.  The fact that “We are endowed by our Creator with certain unalienable rights” is a founding principle of our country.  Similarly, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is based upon the premise that “rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person.”  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations in 1948 in the aftermath of the Holocaust.  As a result of that horrific genocide, world leaders came to consensus about rights that apply to all people.  The passage of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was a transformative event.  Leaders from many parts of the globe put forth a common vision that every human being no matter what nationality, religion, class, or even how “good or bad” holds certain fundamental rights.

 

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights includes a provision that “no one shall be subject to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”  This includes specific guidelines prohibiting the use of physical or mental suffering to obtain information, forbidding the deportation to another country when there are grounds to believe someone would be in danger of being subjected to torture, and the convention is clear that there are no exceptional circumstances.

            The United States has long been a leading example of equality, justice, and freedom.  Americans have been influential in the protection of human rights around the world.  Today as we claim to spread democracy and freedom, it is essential that our actions match our words.

The worldwide web is increasing the speed of our global network.  This week there was a surge of Anti-American violence in Afghanistan.  The catalyst was a short article printed in Newsweek magazine reporting that interrogators in Guantanamo Bay had flushed a copy of the Koran down the toilet in order to rattle Muslim prisoners.  Word spread quickly over the Internet and made its way onto Arabic newscasts in Afghanistan and Pakistan.  Many of the detainees are from those countries.  The protestors are outraged at such brazen disrespect for their holy scripture.  Many cry out that Americans hate Islam and Muslims.

It is not enough for our government to simply say in response that they will “investigate and take appropriate actions”.  The Newsweek report may have been the catalyst for the protests but this is on top of other reports of US sanctioned torture.  Consider the gruesome and deeply humiliating photographs from the Tier 1 cellblock of Abu Ghraib.  In Afghanistan, there have been reports of beatings, sleep deprivation, and degrading treatment of detainees by Americans.  Plus, prisoners labeled “enemy combatants” are held at Guantanamo Bay without charge or counsel and are subject to harsh interrogation practices.  As if this was not repugnant enough, there are also reports that American officials have practiced “renditions to torture”.  In other words, suspected terrorists have allegedly been transferred for interrogation to other countries that are known to practice torture.

Jesus who preached a religion of equality and love taught in parables.  He often used stories to make his point.  The parable that was read this morning is found both in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.  As it is written, Jesus warns his disciples that one cannot learn from blind, hypocritical, and judgmental teachers because one learns by example.  He also cautions against judgment, “how can you say to your neighbor, ‘Friend, let me take out the speck in your eye,’ when you yourself do not see the log in your own eye?  You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your neighbor’s eye.”

The same is true for the United States.   We cannot claim immunity from the very laws that we seek to enact in other countries.  Justice and freedom depend upon due process.  The safety of our armed service men and women depends upon our own fair treatment of detainees.  How can we assure the proper treatment of American soldiers and civilians abroad if we ourselves do not abide by our International agreements?  Creating a peaceful world depends upon acting not only for our own good but for the good of all human beings.  Being a superpower does not mean that we are above the law.  On the contrary, we have a moral responsibility to respect human rights while at the same time working with other nations in the pursuit of freedom and justice. 

The Unitarian Universalist Service Committee has joined with other human rights defenders in the STOP Campaign [iv] .  This effort to stop torture permanently began with a statement in the New York Times on June 25, 2004.  The UUSC STOP Torture Campaign is in response to the abuse and torture of detainees in Afghanistan, Iraq and Guantanamo Bay, in order to end “the official authorization and use of torture, whether mental or physical, ‘by proxy’, by United States officials, agents, military personnel and contractors abroad.” 

It is highly unlikely that the incidents that have been reported are isolated or have been perpetrated by rogue soldiers.  There has been enough evidence uncovered already to suggest that the practices of punishment and humiliation that were captured on film at Abu Ghraib are part of US sanctioned interrogation practices.  Policy makers need to be held accountable.  I am pleased that Congress passed a restriction on Tuesday on the treatment of detainees.  This is a first step in our moving past the hypocrisy of our government claiming not to condone torture while opposing anti-torture legislation last year claiming exemption for the treatment of foreign prisoners.  Congress must launch an independent investigation and get to the bottom of this torture scandal.

If you would like to learn more about this timely issue or take action, information is available in the Parish Hall about the UUSC STOP Campaign and ways to get involved.  It is important that we as American citizens unite against this injustice that is against our moral values and which does not make us safer but spreads a culture of fear and hatred.

I end with a simple prayer written by Anwar Fazal of Malaysia [v] :

We all drink from one water
We all breathe from one air
We rise from one ocean
And we live under one sky

Remember
We are one
The newborn baby cries the same
The laughter of children is universal
Everyone’s blood is red
And our hearts beat the same song

Remember
We are one
We are all brothers and sisters
Only one family, only one earth
Together we live
And together we die

Remember we are one
Peace be on you
Brothers and Sisters
Peace be on you

[i] Christian Science Monitor, 11/14/01.

[ii] “The Torturer’s Apprentice”, William Schulz, The Nation, 5/13/02.

[iii] Schulz, William, Tainted Legacy: 9/11 and the Ruin of Human Rights, New York: Thunder Mouth Press/ Nation Books, 2003, p. 1-2.

[iv] For more information about the UUSC STOP campaign: www.uusc.org/stoptorture or 617-868-6600

[v] Roberts, Elizabeth & Elias Amidon, ed., Prayers for a Thousand Years, New York: Harper-Collins Publishers, 1999, p.126.